Accents, Pronouns, Gender, Plural, Articles, Spelling, Typing Accents
Accents • Pronouns • Gender • Forming Plural • Articles • Some Sound Spellings • Typing Accents
ACCENTS Details: http://www.bowdoin.edu/hispanic-studies/tools/newgr/ats/03.htm
1. If a word ends in -n, -s or a vowel,
and the next-to-last syllable is not stressed, an accent is needed:
está, estás, están, música
2. If words with all other endings do not
stress the last syllable, an accent is needed:
fácil, lápiz, carácter
3. If the vowels i, u are stressed
and combined with a, e, or o, an accent is needed:
mío, grúa, sonríe
4. Pronouns such as cómo, dónde, qué,
quién have accents when used as question and exclamation words:
¿Dónde vives? No sabe
qué decir. ¡Cómo habla!
5. Only a few one-syllable words have accents to signal different meanings:
dé | give (command) | de | of, from |
él | he/him | el | the |
más | more | mas | but |
mí | me | mi | my |
sé | I know | se | 3rd person reflexive/impersonal pronoun |
sí | yes | si | if |
té | tea | te | you (object pronoun) |
tú | you | tu | your |
PRONOUNS
Subject | Direct Object |
Indirect Object |
Reflexive | Unstressed Posessive |
Stressed Possessive |
After Preposition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
yo | me | me | me | mi/mis | mío/a/os/as | mí |
tú | te | te | te | tu/tus | tuyo/a/os/as | ti |
él/ella/Ud. | lo/la | le | se | su/sus | suyo/a/os/as | él/ella/Ud |
nosotros/as | nos | nos | nos | nuestro/a/os/as | nuestro/a/os/as | nosotros/as |
vosotros/as | os | os | os | vuestro/a/os/as | vuestro/a/os/as | vosotros/as |
ellos/ellas/Uds. | los/las | les | se | su/sus | suyo/a/os/as | ellos/ellas/Uds |
GENDER Details: http://www.bowdoin.edu/hispanic-studies/tools/newgr/ats/06a07.htm
Referring to males and/or ending in -o are
masculine but mano, foto and moto are feminine |
el hombre, el amante, el teléfono | |
la mano, la foto, la moto | ||
Referring to females and/or ending in -a -ción -sión -tad -dad -tud are feminine |
la mujer, la amante, la risa, la nación, la tensión, la libertad, la universidad, la actitud | |
but día, mapa, sofá and planeta are masculine | el día, el mapa, el sofá, el planeta | |
and many greek words ending in -ma are masculine | el problema, el sistema, el programa,
el poema, el tema, el dilema |
|
Referring neither to males or females and having different endings can be of either gender | la clase, la tarde, la parte, la paz, el lápiz, el reloj, el golpe, el café, el cristal |
|
Many nouns change gender by changing the last vowel or by adding -a to the last consonant | el compañero, la compañera, un profesor, la profesora | |
Many nouns have the same form and differ only by the article (most of them end in -ista). | el / la estudiante, el /
la indígena, el / la
artista, el / la deportista, el / la turista, etc. |
PLURAL Details: http://www.bowdoin.edu/hispanic-studies/tools/newgr/ats/06a07.htm
1 | ending in vowel, add -s | un libro → unos libros / la mesa → las mesas | |
2 | ending
in consonant, add -es ending in s: no change |
un
papel, la ciudad, una imagen, el lunes |
unos
papeles, las ciudades, las imágenes, los lunes |
3 | ending in z → ces | el lápiz | los lápices |
¡! | to refer to a group of both males and females, masculine plural is used. | el amigo, la amiga
los amigos el turista, la turista los turistas |
ARTICLES Details: http://www.bowdoin.edu/hispanic-studies/tools/newgr/ats/08a10.htm
SINGULAR | Masculine Nouns | Feminine Nouns |
Definite Articles | el
hombre -- the man el libro -- the book |
la
mujer -- the woman la mesa -- the table |
Indefinite Articles | un
hombre -- a (one) man un libro -- a (one) book |
una
mujer -- a (one) woman una mesa -- a (one) table |
PLURAL | Masculine Nouns | Feminine Nouns |
Definite Articles | los
hombres -- the men los libros -- the books |
las mujeres -- the women las mesas -- the tables |
Indefinite Articles | unos
hombres -- some men unos libros -- some books |
unas
mujeres -- some woman unas mesas -- some tables |
SOME SOUND SPELLINGS Details: http://www.bowdoin.edu/hispanic-studies/tools/newgr/ats/01a02.htm
Hard C sound: /k/ as in kiss | ca que qui co cu | sacar, saque |
S/Z sound:/s/ as in sink or /th/ as in think | za ce ci zo zu | cazar, cace |
Hard G sound: /g/ as in get | ga gue gui go gu | pagar, pague |
Soft G sound: /h/ as in hen | ja ge gi jo ju | elija, elegir |
TYPING ACCENTS Details: http://www.bowdoin.edu/hispanic-studies/tools/newgr/accsp.htm
With the Number Pad and NumLock on (PC) | With MSWord Only | With Mcintosh | |
á | alt 0225 | ctrl ', a | alt option E + a |
é | alt 0233 | ctrl ', e | alt option E + e |
í | alt 0237 | ctrl ', i | alt option E + i |
ó | alt 0243 | ctrl ', o | alt option E + o |
ú | alt 0250 | ctrl ', u | alt option E + u |
ñ | alt 0241 | shift + ctrl+~, n | alt option n |
Á | alt 0193 | ctrl ', A | alt option E + A |
É | alt 0201 | ctrl ', E | alt option E + E |
Í | alt 0205 | ctrl ', I | alt option E + I |
Ó | alt 0211 | ctrl ', O | alt option E + O |
Ú | alt 0218 | ctrl ', U | alt option E + U |
Ñ | alt 0209 | shift + ctrl+~, N | alt option N |
¿ | alt 0191 | alt+shift + ctrl + ? | alt option + shift + ? |
¡ | alt 0161 | alt+shift + ctrl + ! | alt option + ! |
ü | alt 0252 | shift + ctrl+:, u | alt option + u |
Ü | alt 0220 | shift + ctrl+:, U | alt option + U |