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Adverb clauses modify the verb in the main clauses. They say something about how, when, where or why that action occurs,
and are always introduced by a conjunction:
(indicative)
main clause | conjunction |
(indicative or subjunctive)
adverbial clause |
Siempre me siento feliz
I always feel happy |
cuando
when | me llamas.
you call me. |
The subjunctive is used in adverb clauses when the action described in the clause is anticipated or hypothetical (a reservation, a condition not yet met, a mere intention).
Here's a list of the conjunctions used in this exercise:
| Conjunction | meaning | subjunctive? |
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| a menos que | unless | always followed by the subjunctive |
antes (de) que
para que
sin que |
before
so that, in order that
without |
always followed by the subjunctive
(but use infinitive if both clauses share the subject) |
siempre que
cuando
después (de) que
hasta que |
whenever, as long as
when
after
until |
use subjunctive for anticipated events (future) |
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