As of 2007, the Peucinian Society has been graced with 1,456 members. At varying points throughout its history, as many as seventy-five students were members of the society.

Famous Alumni of the Peucinian tradition include:

Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain, Civil War hero, 32nd Governor of Maine (1867-1871), President of Bowdoin College (1871-1883)

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, (February 27, 1807 – March 24, 1882) American poet whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", "The Song of Hiawatha", and "Evangeline". He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy.

Seargent Smith Prentiss, Whig Congressman and Orator.

Cyrus Hamlin, President of Middlebury College (1890-1895).

Nathan Lord, President of Dartmouth College (1828-1863).

Seba Smith, American Humorist and Writer.

Thomas Brackett Reed, U.S. Representative from Maine, and Speaker of the House from 1889–1891 and from 1895–1899.

William Pierce Frye, U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator from Maine and Co-Founder of Bates College.

William LeBaron Putnam, federal appellate judge and Portland Mayor (1869-1870).

George Evans, U.S. Senator from Maine, (1841-1847).

Alpheus Spring Packard, Sr., American educator, father of Alpheus Spring Packard (1839-1905) and William Alfred Packard (1830-1909).

Charles Beecher, American minister, composer of religious hymns, and prolific author. He was the brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the famous author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, and the brother of renowned Congregationalist minister, Henry Ward Beecher. He also had another prominent and activist sister, Catharine Beecher.